Verificando a variável PS1:
echo $PS1
\033[<bg-color>;<fg-color>m
Sendo <bg-color>:
40 -> preta
41 -> vermelha
42 -> verde
43 -> marrom
44 -> azul
45 -> mangenta
46 -> ciana
47 -> cinza
<fg-color>:
30 -> preta
31 -> vermelha
32 -> verde
33 -> marrom
34 -> azul
35 -> magenta
36 -> ciana
37 -> cinza
Teste a combinação:
PS1="\033[47;30m[\033[47;31mDebian\033[47;30m] \t\033[0m\n\u@\h:\W\$ "
Outros exemplos:
PS1-usuario:
PS1="\[\033[01;32m\][\u@\h\[\033[01;37m\] \W\[\033[01;32m\]]\$\[\033[00m\] "
PS1="\[\033[01;32m\]┌──[\u@\h\[\033[01;37m\] \w\[\033[01;32m\]]\n└─$\[\033[00m\] "
PS1-root:
PS1="\[\033[01;31m\][\h\[\033[01;36m\] \W\[\033[01;31m\]]\$\[\033[00m\] "
PS1="\[\033[01;31m\]┌──[\u💀\h\[\033[01;36m\] \w\[\033[01;31m\]]\n└─#\[\033[00m\] "
Referência completa sobre os valores possíveis.
\a an ASCII bell character (07)
\d the date in "Weekday Month Date" format
(e.g., "Tue May 26")
\e an ASCII escape character (033)
\h the hostname up to the first `.'
\H the hostname
\j the number of jobs currently managed by the shell
\l the basename of the shell's terminal device name
\n newline
\r carriage return
\s the name of the shell, the basename of $0
(the portion following the final slash)
\t the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format
\T the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format
\@ the current time in 12-hour am/pm format
\A the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format
\u the username of the current user
\v the version of bash (e.g., 2.00)
\V the release of bash, version + patchelvel (e.g., 2.00.0)
\w the current working directory
\W the basename of the current working directory
\! the history number of this command
\# the command number of this command
\$ if the effective UID is 0, a #, otherwise a $
\nnn the character corresponding to the octal number nnn
\\ a backslash
\[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters,
which could be used to embed a terminal con
trol sequence into the prompt
\] end a sequence of non-printing characters
Para aplicar definitivo altere a variável no arquivo /home/seu_user/.bashrc